Environmental exposures are major contributors to health and disease, but they are not equally distributed across populations. Exposure patterns vary across social groups, with socioeconomically disadvantaged populations often experiencing a greater burden of environmental and social risk factors. Sex and gender also influence exposure patterns and health outcomes and should therefore be considered when studying exposure inequalities. Throughout the life course, women and men may encounter different exposures due to factors such as occupational segregation, gender roles, caregiving responsibilities, and other social and psychosocial processes. This presentation discusses why sex and gender are important for understanding exposures and their potential health consequences and presents different approaches to address this question in population health research. The presentation highlights how sex- and gender-sensitive analyses can provide a more nuanced understanding of health inequalities and help identify population groups that may experience different patterns of exposure and health outcomes
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